Nhau - Nheyo Yekutanga uye kushandiswa kweTOF (Nguva Yekubhururuka) System

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Iyi nhevedzano ine chinangwa chekupa vaverengi kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye kunofambira mberi kweiyo Nguva Yekubhururuka (TOF) system. Izvo zvirimo zvinovhara tarisiro yakazara yeTOF masisitimu, kusanganisira yakadzama tsananguro yezvose zvisina kunanga TOF (iTOF) uye yakananga TOF (dTOF). Izvi zvikamu zvinotarisa muzvikamu zvehurongwa, zvakanakira uye zvazvakaipira, uye akasiyana algorithms. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongororawo zvakasiyana zvikamu zveTOF masisitimu, akadai seVertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs), transmission uye reception lens, kugamuchira masensa seCIS, APD, SPAD, SiPM, uye madhiraivha maseketi seASICs.

Nhanganyaya ku TOF(Nguva Yekubhururuka)

Basic Principles

TOF , inomirira Time of Flight , inzira inoshandiswa kuyera nhambwe nekuverenga nguva inotorwa kuti chiedza chifambe chinhambwe chakati chiri pakati. Iyi nheyo inonyanya kushandiswa mune optical TOF scenarios uye yakatwasuka. Maitiro acho anosanganisira sosi yemwenje inoburitsa mwenje wechiedza, nenguva yekubuda ichirekodhwa. Chiedza ichi chinobva charatidza kubva pane chinangwa, chinotorwa nemunhu anogamuchira, uye nguva yekugamuchira inocherechedzwa. Musiyano munguva dzino, unoratidzwa se t, unosarudza chinhambwe (d = kumhanya kwechiedza (c) × t / 2).

Mhando dzeToF Sensors

Kune maviri ekutanga marudzi eToF sensors: optical uye electromagnetic. Optical ToF sensors, ayo akajairika, anoshandisa mwenje wemagetsi, kazhinji mu infrared renji, kuyera chinhambwe. Aya mapurusi anoburitswa kubva ku sensor, anoratidza kubva pane chinhu, uye anodzokera kune sensor, uko nguva yekufamba inoyerwa uye inoshandiswa kuverenga chinhambwe. Mukupesana, ma sensor emagetsi eToF anoshandisa mafungu emagetsi, senge radar kana lidar, kuyera chinhambwe. Vanoshanda pamusimboti wakafanana asi vanoshandisa nzira yakasiyana yekureba.

Zvishandiso zveToF Sensors

ToF sensors inosiyana-siyana uye yakasanganiswa muzvikamu zvakasiyana:

Robhoti:Inoshandiswa kuona zvipingamupinyi uye kufamba. Semuyenzaniso, marobhoti akaita seRoomba neBoston Dynamics 'Atlas anoshandisa ToF kudzika makamera kugadzira mepu yekwavanogara uye kuronga mafambiro.

Security Systems:Yakajairika mukufamba ma sensors ekuona vanopinda, kukonzeresa maaramu, kana activate kamera masystem.

Automotive Industry:Yakabatanidzwa mudhiraivha-assist masisitimu eiyo adaptive cruise control uye kudzivirira kudhumhana, ichiwedzera kuwanda mumhando nyowani dzemotokari.

Medical Field: Inoshandiswa mukufungidzira kusingapindike uye kuongororwa, senge optical coherence tomography (OCT), inogadzira yakakwirira-resolution tishu mifananidzo.

Consumer Electronics: Yakabatanidzwa mumafoni efoni, mahwendefa, uye malaptop ezvimiro zvakaita sekuziva kumeso, biometric authentication, uye gesture recognition.

Drones:Inoshandiswa pakufamba, kudzivirira kudhumhana, uye kugadzirisa kuvanzika uye kunetsa kwendege.

TOF System Architecture

Iyo yakajairwa TOF system ine akati wandei akakosha zvikamu zvekuzadzisa kuyerwa kwechinhambwe sekutsanangurwa kwazvino:

· Transmitter (Tx):Izvi zvinosanganisira laser light source, kunyanya aVCSEL, mutyairi wedunhu ASIC kutyaira laser, uye optical components for beam control senge collimating lenzi kana diffractive optical elements, uye mafirita.
· Receiver (Rx):Izvi zvinosanganisira lenzi uye mafirita pamagumo ekugamuchira, masensa seCIS, SPAD, kana SiPM zvichienderana neTOF system, uye Image Signal Processor (ISP) yekugadzirisa huwandu hwakawanda hwe data kubva kune inogamuchira chip.
·Power Management:Kugadzirisa kugadzikanaikozvino kutonga kweVCSELs uye yakakwirira voltage yeSPADs yakakosha, inoda simba rakasimba rekutonga.
· Software Layer:Izvi zvinosanganisira firmware, SDK, OS, uye application layer.

Iyo dhizaini inoratidza kuti danda relaser, rinobva kuVCSEL uye rakagadziridzwa nezvinhu zvemaziso, rinofamba nemuchadenga, rinoratidza kubva pane chimwe chinhu, uye rinodzokera kune anogamuchira. Iko kuverenga kwekufamba kwenguva mukuita uku kunoburitsa ruzivo rwechinhambwe kana kudzika. Nekudaro, chivakwa ichi hachifukidze nzira dzeruzha, senge zuva-rinokonzeresa ruzha kana akawanda-nzira ruzha kubva kuratidziro, iyo inokurukurwa gare gare munhevedzano.

Kurongwa kweTOF Systems

TOF masisitimu akaiswa muchikamu nemaitiro avo ekuyera chinhambwe: yakananga TOF (dTOF) uye isina kunanga TOF (iTOF), imwe neimwe iine akasiyana hardware uye algorithmic maitiro. Iwo akateedzana anotanga anotsanangura misimboti yavo asati apinda mukuenzanisa ongororo yezvakanakira, zvinonetsa, uye masisitimu maparamita.

Pasinei nemutemo unoratidzika kunge wakapfava weTOF - kubudisa mhepo yechiedza uye kuona kudzoka kwayo kuverenga chinhambwe - kuomarara kuri mukusiyanisa mwenje unodzoka kubva kune ambient light. Izvi zvinogadziriswa nekuburitsa mwenje wakajeka wakakwana kuti uwane chiyero chepamusoro-kune-ruzha uye kusarudza mafungu akakodzera ekuderedza kukanganiswa kwechiedza chezvakatipoteredza. Imwe nzira ndeye encode mwenje wakabudiswa kuti ukwanise kusiyanisa pakudzoka, zvakafanana neSOS masaini ane tochi.

Iwo akateedzana anoenderera mberi nekuenzanisa dTOF neITOF, achikurukura mutsauko wadzo, zvakanakira, uye zvinonetsa zvakadzama, uyezve inoisa mumapoka eTOF masisitimu zvichienderana nekuoma kweruzivo rwavanopa, kubva ku1D TOF kusvika 3D TOF.

dTOF

Direct TOF inoyera zvakananga nguva yekubhururuka kwephoton. Chinhu chayo chakakosha, iyo Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD), inonzwisisa zvakakwana kuona mafotoni ega. dTOF inoshandisa Time Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) kuyera nguva yekusvika kwemafotoni, ichigadzira histogram yekutora chinhambwe chingangobvira zvichibva pahuwandu hwepamusoro hweimwe nguva musiyano.

iTOF

Isina kunanga TOF inoverengera nguva yekubhururuka zvichibva pamusiyano wechikamu pakati peakaburitswa uye akagashirwa mafungu esaisai, kazhinji achishandisa inoenderera mberi kana pulse modulation masaini. iTOF inogona kushandisa yakajairwa mufananidzo sensor architecture, kuyera kusimba kwechiedza nekufamba kwenguva.

iTOF inowedzera kupatsanurwa mukuenderera mberi wave modulation (CW-iTOF) uye pulse modulation (Pulsed-iTOF). CW-iTOF inoyera danho rekuchinja pakati peakaburitswa uye akagashirwa mafungu e-sinusoidal, nepo Pulsed-iTOF inoverengera chikamu chekuchinja uchishandisa sikweya wave masaini.

Kuwedzera Kuverenga:

Wikipedia. (nd). Nguva yekubhururuka. Zvakatorwa kubvahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_flight
Sony Semiconductor Solutions Group. (nd). ToF (Nguva Yekubhururuka) | Yakajairwa Tekinoroji yemifananidzo Sensors. Zvakatorwa kubvahttps://www.sony-semicon.com/en/technologies/tof
Microsoft. (2021, Kukadzi 4). Nhanganyaya kuMicrosoft Nguva Yendege (ToF) - Azure Depth Platform. Zvakatorwa kubvahttps://devblogs.microsoft.com/azure-depth-platform/intro-to-microsoft-time-of-flight-tof
ESCATEC. (2023, Kurume 2). Nguva Yekubhururuka (TOF) Sensors: In-Depth Overview uye Applications. Zvakatorwa kubvahttps://www.escatec.com/news/time-of-flight-tof-sensors-an-in-depth-overview-and-applications

Kubva pawebhu pejihttps://faster-than-light.net/TOFSystem_C1/

nemunyori: Chao Guang

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