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Pachinyanya kukosha, kushandisa laser pombi inzira yekupa simba chinhu kuti chisvike panogona kuburitsa chiedza chelaser. Izvi zvinowanzoitwa nekupinza chiedza kana magetsi muchinhu ichi, zvichikurudzira maatomu acho uye zvichikonzera kubuda kwechiedza chakabatana. Maitiro aya epakutanga akachinja zvakanyanya kubva pakatanga kushandiswa lasers dzekutanga pakati pezana remakore rechi20.
Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzo shandiswa nekuenzanisa mwero, kupomba nelaser inzira ye quantum mechanical. Inosanganisira kudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pema photon neatomu kana mamorekuru e gain medium. Ma models epamusoro anofunga nezvezviitiko zvakaita seRabi oscillations, izvo zvinopa kunzwisisa kwakanyatsojeka kwekudyidzana uku.
Kupomba neLaser inzira iyo simba, rinowanzova muchimiro chechiedza kana magetsi, rinopihwa kune laser's gain medium kuti risimudzire maatomu ayo kana mamorekuru kusvika kune simba rakakwirira. Kutamiswa kwesimba uku kwakakosha pakuwana population inversion, mamiriro apo zvidimbu zvakawanda zvinofadzwa kupfuura mune simba rakaderera, zvichiita kuti medium iwedzere chiedza kuburikidza ne stimulated emission. Maitiro aya anosanganisira quantum interactions dzakaoma, dzinowanzo shandiswa kuburikidza ne rate equation kana quantum mechanical frameworks dzakanyanya. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinosanganisira kusarudzwa kwepombi inobva (senge laser diodes kana discharge lamps), pombi geometry (side kana end pumping), uye kugadzirisa hunhu hwepombi light (spectrum, intensity, beam quality, polarization) kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zve gain medium. Laser pumping inokosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzelaser, kusanganisira solid-state, semiconductor, uye gas lasers, uye inokosha kuti laser ishande zvakanaka uye zvinobudirira.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzeOptically Pumped Lasers
1. MaLaser Akasimba Ane Zvidziviriro Zvakadhonzwa
· Pfupiso:Malaser aya anoshandisa chinhu chinodzivirira magetsi uye anovimba nekupomba kwemaziso kuti ape simba maion anoshanda nelaser. Muenzaniso unowanzoonekwa ndewe neodymium mumalaser eYAG.
·Tsvagiridzo Ichangobva Kuitwa:Chidzidzo chakaitwa naA. Antipov nevamwe vake chinokurukura nezve solid-state near-IR laser ye spin-exchange optical pumping. Tsvagiridzo iyi inoratidza kufambira mberi kuri kuitwa mu solid-state laser tekinoroji, kunyanya mu near-infrared spectrum, iyo yakakosha pamashandisirwo akaita se medical imaging ne telecommunications.
Kuverenga Kwakawedzerwa:Laser yeSolid-State Near-IR yeSpin-Exchange Optical Pumping
2. MaLaser eSemiconductor
·Ruzivo Rwakawanda: Kazhinji inopombwa nemagetsi, ma semiconductor lasers anogonawo kubatsirwa nekupomba kwe optical, kunyanya mumashandisirwo anoda kupenya kwakanyanya, akadai seVertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VECSELs).
·Zvakaitika Munguva Pfupi: Basa raU. Keller pakushandisa ma optical frequency combs kubva kuma ultrafast solid-state uye semiconductor lasers rinopa ruzivo rwekugadzira ma stable frequency combs kubva kuma diode-pumped solid-state uye semiconductor lasers. Kufambira mberi uku kwakakosha mukushandiswa mu optical frequency metrology.
Kuverenga Kwakawedzerwa:Makombi eOptical frequency kubva ku-ultrafast solid-state uye semiconductor lasers
3. MaLaser eGasi
·Kupomba Kwemaziso MumaLaser Egesi: Mamwe marudzi emaLaser egesi, senge maLaser emvura yealkali, anoshandisa kupomba kwemaziso. MaLaser aya anowanzo shandiswa mukushandiswa kunoda masosi echiedza akabatana ane hunhu hwakasiyana.
Manyuko eOptical Pombing
Mwenje weKuburitsa Simba: Kazhinji mumalaser anopombwa nemwenje, marambi anoburitsa chiedza anoshandiswa nekuda kwesimba rawo guru uye spectrum yakafara. YA Mandryko nevamwe vake vakagadzira modhi yesimba rekugadzira impulse arc discharge mu active media optical pumping xenon lamps yema solid-state lasers. Modhi iyi inobatsira kugadzirisa mashandiro emalambi anopomba chiedza, zvakakosha pakushanda zvakanaka kwelaser.
MaDiodhi eLaser:Ma laser diode anoshandiswa muma laser anopombwa ne diode, ane zvakanakira zvakaita sekushanda zvakanaka, saizi diki, uye kugona kugadziriswa zvakanaka.
Kuverenga kwakawedzerwa:Chii chinonzi laser diode?
Mwenje yeFlash: Mwenje weFlash imwenje ine simba, ine mawimbi akawanda uye inowanzo shandiswa pakupomba ma solid-state lasers, akadai se ruby kana Nd:YAG lasers. Anopa chiedza chakasimba chinofadza nzira ye laser.
Mwenje yeArc: Kufanana nemwenje inopenya asi yakagadzirirwa kushanda nguva dzose, mwenje ye arc inopa chiedza chakasimba nguva dzose. Inoshandiswa mumabasa anodiwa pakushanda kwe laser inoenderera mberi.
Ma LED (Madiodhi Anoburitsa Mwenje): Kunyange zvazvo zvisingawanzoitiki sema laser diodes, ma LED anogona kushandiswa pakupomba optical mune mamwe mashandisirwo ane simba shoma. Anobatsira nekuda kwekugara kwawo kwenguva refu, mutengo wakaderera, uye kuwanikwa kwawo mumhando dzakasiyana dzewavelength.
Chiedza chezuva: Mune mamwe magadzirirwo ekuyedza, chiedza chezuva chakanyanya kushandiswa senzvimbo yekupomba ma laser anopombwa nezuva. Nzira iyi inoshandisa simba rezuva, zvichiita kuti rive nzvimbo inogona kushandiswazve uye isingadhuri, kunyangwe risingadzoreki uye risina simba zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nemagetsi ekugadzira.
MaDiodhi eLaser Akabatanidzwa neFiber: Aya ma laser diode akabatana ne optical fibers, ayo anoendesa chiedza chepombi zvinobudirira kune laser medium. Nzira iyi inonyanya kubatsira muma fiber lasers uye mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuendeswa kwechiedza chepombi kwakanyatsokosha.
Mamwe MaLaser: Dzimwe nguva, laser imwe inoshandiswa kupomba imwe. Semuenzaniso, laser yeNd: YAG ine frequency-doubled inogona kushandiswa kupomba laser yedhayi. Nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa kana marefu chaiwo ewavelength achidikanwa pakuita kupomba uko kusingawanikwe nyore nyore nemagetsi echinyakare.
Laser yakasimba inopombwa ne diode
Simba rekutanga rinobva: Maitiro acho anotanga ne diode laser, iyo inoshanda senzvimbo yekupomba. Diode lasers dzinosarudzwa nekuda kwekushanda kwadzo, saizi yadzo shoma, uye kugona kwayo kuburitsa chiedza pahurefu hwakasiyana hwemafungu.
Mwenje wePombi:Iyo diode laser inoburitsa chiedza chinonyudzwa ne solid-state gain medium. Hurefu hwewavelength hwe diode laser hwakagadzirirwa kuti huenderane nehunhu hwe gain medium.
Mamiriro AkasimbaWana Pakati Nepakati
Zvinyorwa:Gain medium muDPSS lasers inowanzova solid-state material yakaita seNd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet), Nd:YVO4 (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Orthovanadate), kana Yb:YAG (Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet).
Kushandisa zvinodhaka:Zvinhu izvi zvakafukidzwa nemaion e-rare-earth (akaita seNd kana Yb), ayo ari maion e-laser anoshanda.
Kunyudzwa kweSimba uye Kufara:Kana chiedza chepombi chinobva ku diode laser chikapinda mu gain medium, ma rare-earth ions anotora simba iri uye anofadzwa nemasimba akakwira.
Kuchinja Kwehuwandu hwevanhu
Kubudirira mukuchinja kwevanhu:Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti laser action iite kuti population inversion ivepo mu gain medium. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ma ions akawanda ari mu excited state kupfuura ari mu ground state.
Kubuda Kwemhepo Kunokurudzirwa:Kana huwandu hwevanhu hwachinja, kuiswa kwe photon inoenderana nemusiyano wesimba pakati pemamiriro emhepo nepasi kunogona kukurudzira maion anofara kuti adzokere kumamiriro epasi, zvichiburitsa photon panguva iyoyo.
Optical Resonator
Magirazi: Gain medium inoiswa mukati me optical resonator, inowanzo umbwa nemagirazi maviri pamagumo ese e medium.
Mhinduro uye Kuwedzera: Rimwe remagirazi rinopenya zvakanyanya, uye rimwe rinopenya zvishoma. Mafotoni anosvetuka-svetuka pakati pemagirazi aya, zvichikurudzira kuburitsa kwemhepo yakawanda uye zvichiwedzera chiedza.
Kuburitswa kweLaser
Chiedza Chinobatana: Maphotoni anoburitswa akabatana, zvichireva kuti ari muchikamu uye ane urefu hwemafungu akafanana.
Zvinobuda: Girazi rinoratidza zvishoma rinobvumira chimwe chechiedza ichi kupfuura nepakati, zvichigadzira danda relaser rinobuda muDPSS laser.
Kupomba Majiometri: Kupomba Parutivi vs. Kupera
| Nzira yekupomba | Tsananguro | Mashandisirwo | Zvakanakira | Matambudziko |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kupomba Parutivi | Mwenje wepombi wakaiswa wakatarisana nepakati pe laser | Shamhu kana kuti fiber lasers | Kugoverwa kwakafanana kwechiedza chepombi, chakakodzera kushandiswa kwesimba guru | Kupararira kwekuwedzera kusina kufanana, kunaka kwedanda remwenje kwakaderera |
| Kugumisa Kupomba | Mwenje wepombi wakatungamirirwa nenzira imwecheteyo nemwaranzi welaser | MaLaser emhando yepamusoro akadai seNd:YAG | Kugoverwa kwekuwedzera kwakafanana, mhando yepamusoro yedanda | Kurongeka kwakaomarara, kupararira kwekupisa kusingashande zvakanaka muma laser ane simba guru |
Zvinodiwa Kuti Uwane Mwenje Wepombi Unoshanda
| Chinodiwa | Kukosha | Mhedzisiro/Kuenzana | Mamwe Mashoko |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kukodzera kweSpectrum | Hurefu hwemafungu hunofanira kuenderana nehuwandu hwekunyudzwa kwe laser medium | Inoita kuti vanhu vanwe mvura zvakanaka uye kuti ivandudze huwandu hwevanhu. | - |
| Kusimba | Inofanira kunge yakakwirira zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kufadza munhu | Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwekupisa; kuderera zvakanyanya hakuzokonzere kuchinja kwehuwandu hwevanhu | - |
| Hunhu hweBeam | Kunyanya kukosha muma lasers anopombwa nemagetsi | Inovimbisa kubatana kunoshanda uye inobatsira kune mhando yemwaranzi yelaser inoburitswa | Hunhu hwemwenje wepamusoro hwakakosha pakubatanidza chiedza chepombi nehukuru hwemodhi yelaser. |
| Kupatsanurana | Zvinodiwa kune midhiya ine hunhu hwe anisotropic | Inovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemushonga we laser uye inogona kukanganisa polarization yechiedza che laser chinoburitswa | Mamiriro chaiwo ekuparadzanisa anogona kudiwa |
| Ruzha rweKusimba | Ruzha rwakaderera rwakakosha | Kuchinja-chinja kwesimba rechiedza chepombi kunogona kukanganisa kunaka uye kugadzikana kwezvinobuda nelaser | Zvakakosha kumapurogiramu anoda kugadzikana kwakanyanya uye kunyatsorongeka |
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-01-2023