Laser Designator chishandiso chemhando yepamusoro chinoshandisa danda relaser rakasimba kwazvo kuratidza chinangwa. Chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumauto, kuongorora, uye mumaindasitiri, uye chinoita basa rakakosha mukushandiswa kwemaitiro emazuva ano. Nekuvhenekera chinangwa nedanda relaser rakarurama, vagadziri velaser vanobvumira zvombo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotungamirirwa kutevera uye kurova chinangwa nemazvo. Muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwekurwisa nemazvo, kushandiswa kwevagadziri velaser kunosimudzira zvakanyanya kushanda kwehondo uye kururama kwemayuniti ehondo. Pazasi pane sumo yakadzama yevagadziri velaser.
1. Nheyo yekushanda
Nheyo huru yekushanda kwemugadziri welaser ndeyekuburitsa danda relaser rakanangana zvakanyanya panzvimbo yaunoda. Raser inowanzova mu infrared wavelength, zvichiita kuti isaonekwe nemaziso, nokudaro ichiramba yakavanzika. Danda rinoburitswa nemugadziri welaser rinoonekwa nemasensa ari muzvirongwa zvezvombo zvakaita semabhomba anotungamirirwa nelaser kana mabhomba. Masensa aya anogona kuziva chiratidzo chelaser chinoratidzwa uye kutungamira chombo kuenda kwakananga danda kuti chirove chinangwa.
2. Zvikamu Zvikuru
Zvinhu zvikuru zve laser designator zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- Laser Emitter: Chikamu ichi chinoburitsa dayara relaser rakanyatsotarisa. Vagadziri veLaser vanowanzo shanda murefu wenguva yeinfrared (NIR), inosvika 1064 nanometers. Hurefu hwenguva iyi hunopa kugona kwakanaka kwekupinda nekuona zvinhu zviri kure, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kusvikwa kure.
- Sisitimu Yekuona: Sisitimu iyi inotarisa danda relaser uye inogadzirisa kwarinoenda. Sisitimu yekuona inoita kuti danda relaser rinyatsosvika panzvimbo yarakatarirwa, ichidzivirira kutambisa simba uye ichichengetedza simba redanda uye kutarisisa. Mamwe magadzirirwo elaser ane masisitimu ekuona anogadziriswa, zvichibvumira mushandi kugadzirisa kupararira kwedanda uye kusimba kwaro zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvekushanda.
- Sisitimu Yekugadza Chinangwa: Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kuona, materesikopu, kana zvishandiso zvekunanga nelaser. Masisitimu aya anobatsira vashandisi kunanga zvinhu zvakanongedzwa, vachiona kuti danda relaser rakananga pane chinangwa. Zvigadzirwa zvelaser zvepamberi zvinogona kusanganisira masisitimu emagetsi ekudzikamisa zvinhu anotsiva kudedera kwemaoko kana kudedera kunokonzerwa nemotokari dzinofamba, nokudaro zvichivandudza kururama kwekunanga.
- Simba: Simba iri rinopa simba rinodiwa kumugadziri welaser. Vagadziri velaser vanowanzo shandisa mabhatiri anochajwa mukati kana masosi emagetsi ekunze. Kugara kwebhatiri chinhu chakakosha kufunga nezvacho, kunyanya pamabasa enguva refu kana mamodhi ane simba rakawanda.
3. Mashandisirwo
Magadzirirwo eLaser anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira zvechiuto, kuongorora, uye indasitiri:
- Mashandisirwo Emauto: Zvishandiso zveLaser zvinoita basa risingatsiviwi mumabasa emazuva ano ehondo. Zvinoshandiswa pabasa rekurwisa nemazvo, zvichibvumira ndege dzehondo, madrone, nemauto epasi kuratidza zvinangwa zvemuvengi. Mabhomba anotungamirirwa neLaser, zvombo zvinokandwa (senge Paveway series), uye mabara zvinogona kunamatira pazvinangwa kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvelaser zvinopihwa nemugadziri, zvichibvumira kurova nemazvo pazvivakwa zvakakosha zvemuvengi kana zvinangwa zvinofamba. Zvichienzaniswa nezvombo zvechinyakare, masisitimu anotungamirirwa nemazvo akabatanidzwa nezvigadzirwa zvelaser anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekurwisa, zvichideredza kukuvara kwevamwe uye kufa kwevanhuwo zvavo.
- Kuongorora uye Kuisa Nzvimbo: Mukushandiswa kwevanhuwo zvavo, magadzirirwo elaser anoshandiswa pakuongorora nekuisa nzvimbo. Anogona kuyera nekuisa nzvimbo munzvimbo refu, zvichibatsira magadzirirwo elaser kuwana nzvimbo dzakakodzera munzvimbo dzakakura kana dzakaoma. Magadzirirwo elaser anoshandiswawo muLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems kubatsira kugadzira mamepu e3D topographic akanyatsojeka, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuronga maguta, mainjiniya ekuvaka, uye kutsvaga zviwanikwa.
- Mashandisirwo Emaindasitiri: Mukugadzira uye otomatiki maindasitiri, magadzirirwo elaser anoshanda sezvishandiso zvekumaka zvakarurama, kunyanya mukugadzira nemazvo uye kugadzira zvinhu nemazvo. Anogona kuratidza nzvimbo kana nzira yezvikamu, zvichiita kuti michina itevere nzira yakatarwa. Kusabatana kwevagadziri velaser kunoita kuti vakwanise kugadzira zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya kana zvinokurumidza, zvakaita sekugadzira simbi kana kugadzira zvinhu zvemagetsi.
4. Zvakanakira
Vagadziri veLaser vanopa mabhenefiti akati wandei mukushandiswa kunoshanda:
- Kunyatsojeka: Kutungamira kwepamusoro uye kutarisika kwemwaranzi welaser kunobvumira kurova nekuyera kwakarurama kwazvo padaro refu. Izvi zvakakosha mukurwiswa kwemauto uye kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nemazvo.
- Kupindura Nokukurumidza: Vagadziri veLaser vanogona kumaka zvinangwa ipapo ipapo, nekushanda kuri nyore uye kupindura nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti zvikodzere kuiswa nekukurumidza uye kuita chimwe chinhu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzehondo dzine simba kana dzakaoma.
- Kusaziva: Sezvo vagadziri vema laser vachiwanzoshandisa mawavelength e infrared, danda re laser harionekwe nemaziso. Kugona uku kusinganzwi kunodzivirira nzvimbo yemushandisi kuti isaonekwe panguva yekushanda, zvichideredza njodzi yekurwisa muvengi.
5. Matambudziko Nemiganho
Pasinei nekushandiswa kwavo kwakakura muminda yemauto neyevanhuwo zvavo, vagadziri ve laser vanosangana nematambudziko nemipimo mukushandiswa chaiko:
- Kukanganiswa kweMamiriro ekunze: Kushanda kwemwenje yelaser kunogona kukanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze. Mumhute, mvura, kana sinou, mwenje welaser unogona kupararira, kuderera, kana kuchinja. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushanda kwemugadziri wechiratidzo pakubaya kana kuyerwa.
- Kushandiswa Kwesimba: Vagadziri veLaser vanoda simba rakawanda kuti varambe vakasimba uye vakagadzikana, kunyanya panguva yekushanda kwenguva refu kana mumhando dzesimba guru. Nokudaro, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunova chinhu chinogumira pamabasa enguva refu.
6. Mhando Dzakajairika
Vagadziri veLaser vanogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwavo uye magadzirirwo avo:
- Zvigadziriso zveLaser Zvinotakurika: Aya magadzirirwo madiki, akareruka anowanzo shandiswa nemauto epasi. Anogona kubatwa nemaoko kana kuiswa pazvombo zvakareruka, zvichipa varwi vepamberi kugona kusarudza chinangwa, kunyanya mumabasa ekupfura kana mabasa madiki ekurwa.
- Airborne Laser Designators: Izvi zvinoiswa mundege dzakadai semajeti ehondo kana madrone uye zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakusarudza chinangwa kubva pasi kuenda kumhepo uye pakurwisa. Zvinogona kuratidza zvinangwa zvepasi kubva pakakwirira uye kushanda nezvombo zvinotungamirirwa nemazvo pakurwisa kure, zvinowanzoshandiswa pakurwisa netsaona kana kutsigira hondo.
- Zvishandiso zveLaser zvinoiswa mumotokari/mungarava: Izvi zvinoiswa pamidziyo inorema senge mota dzine zvombo, matangi, kana ngarava, uye zvinowanzo shandiswa mumabasa makuru ekurwisa. Zvinopa rutsigiro rwakarurama rwekutarisa chinangwa uye nzvimbo dzezvombo zvikuru.
7. Maitiro Ekuvandudza Remangwana
Nekufambira mberi kuri kuramba kuchiita tekinoroji yelaser, huwandu uye mashandiro evagadziri velaser ari kuramba achikura. Mune ramangwana, vagadziri velaser vanogona kuona budiriro huru munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Mashandiro akawanda: Vagadziri veraser vemangwana vanogona kubatanidza mamwe mabasa akadai sekutsvaga nzvimbo uye kuziva chinangwa, vachipa rutsigiro rwakakwana rwekushanda uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwemasoja nehurongwa hwezvombo.
- Kugona Kutakura Zvinhu Zvidiki Uye Kutakurwa: Sezvo tekinoroji ichikura, magadzirirwo elaser achave akareruka uye madiki, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kutakura nekushandisa mauto nekukurumidza, nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuchinjika kwenhandare yehondo.
- Kugona Kudzivirira Kuvharika Kwemhepo: Munhandare dzehondo dzemazuva ano, vagadziri vema laser vanotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwekuvharika kwemhepo nekushandisa laser uye matanho ekudzivirira kubva kumuvengi. Vagadziri vema laser vemangwana vachave nehunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekudzivirira kuvharika kwemhepo kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vakavimbika munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemagetsi.
Sechinhu chakakosha muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano hwemauto, vagadziri ve laser vachatamba basa rakakosha mune zvakasiyana-siyana, zvichibatsira mukurongeka kwakarurama uye kushandiswa kwema domain akawanda.
Lumispot
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Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-14-2024