Kufumura Semiconductor Resistivity: Chikamu Chikuru Chekudzora Kushanda

Mumagetsi emazuva ano uye maoptoelectronics, zvinhu zve semiconductor zvine basa guru. Kubva kumafoni ne radar yemotokari kusvika kuma industrial-grade lasers, zvishandiso zve semiconductor zviri kwese kwese. Pakati pezvinhu zvese zvakakosha, resistivity ndeimwe yematanho akakosha ekunzwisisa nekugadzira mashandiro emidziyo ye semiconductor.

1. Chii chinonzi Resistivity?

Kuramba simba (Resistivity) huwandu hwezvinhu hunoyera kuti chinhu chinopesana nesimba sei nekufamba kwemagetsi, anowanzoonekwa mu ohm-centimeters (Ω·cm). Hunoratidza "kuramba" kwemukati kunowanikwa nemaerekitironi paanofamba nepakati pechinhu. Simbi dzinowanzova nekuramba kwakaderera, ma insulators ane resistivity yakanyanya, uye ma semiconductors ari pakati nepakati—nekuwedzerwa kwekuwedzera kwekuramba simba. Kuramba simba (ρ=R*(L/A), apo: R isimba remagetsi, A inharaunda yechikamu chechinhu, L ihurefu hwechinhu.

2. Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kusagadzikana Kwemasemiconductor

Kusiyana nesimbi, simba rekudzivirira resistivity rema semiconductors harina kugadziriswa. Rinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda:
① Rudzi rwezvinhu: Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zve semiconductor zvakaita sesilicon (Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs), uye indium phosphide (InP) zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe resistivity.
② Kushandisa mishonga inodhaka: Kuisa mishonga inodhaka (yakadai seboron kana phosphorus) pamhando dzakasiyana uye kuwanda kwayo kunochinja kuwanda kwemushonga, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya resistivity.
③ Tembiricha: Kuramba kwemagetsi mu semiconductor kunoenderana zvakanyanya netembiricha. Sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, huwandu hwemagetsi anotakurwa hunowedzera, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi.
④ Maumbirwo eKristaro uye Zvikanganiso: Kusakwana kwechimiro chekristaro—sekubviswa kwenzvimbo kana zvikanganiso—kunogona kukanganisa kufamba kwechinhu chinotakura zvinhu uye nokudaro kukanganisa resistivity.

3. Kusagadzikana Kunokanganisa Sei Kushanda Kwemuchina

Mukushandiswa kwesimba, kuramba simba kunokanganisa zvakananga kushandiswa kwesimba, kumhanya kwekupindura, uye kugadzikana kwekushanda. Semuenzaniso:

Muma diode elaser, resistivity yakanyanya inotungamira mukupisa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwechiedza uye hupenyu hwemuchina.

Mumidziyo yeRF, resistivity yakanyatsogadziriswa inogonesa kuenderana kwe impedance kwakaringana uye kuvandudza kutapurirana kwechiratidzo.

Muzvishandiso zvekuongorora chiedza, ma substrates ane simba rekudzivirira kupisa anowanzo kuve akakosha kuti magetsi ashande zvakanaka.
Saka, dhizaini chaiyo uye kutonga kwekudzivirira kwakakosha muinjiniya yemidziyo yesemiconductor.

4. Magadzirirwo Akajairika Ekudzivirira Kwemaindasitiri (Maitiro Ekutarisa)

Rudzi rweChinhu Kuramba Kusimba (Ω·cm)
Silicon yemukati (Si) ~2.3 × 10⁵
Silicon yakasanganiswa (n-type/p-type) 10⁻³ ~ 10²
Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) 10⁶ (inodziisa zvishoma) ~ 10⁻³
Indium Phosphide (InP) 10⁴ ~ 10⁻²

5. Mhedziso

Kuramba kusingangove chinhu chinoratidza zvinhu chete—chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa mashandiro uye kuvimbika kwemidziyo ye semiconductor. KuLumispot, tinovandudza kuramba kusingashande kuburikidza nekusarudza zvinhu, matekiniki chaiwo ekushandisa zvinodhaka, uye kudzora maitiro akagadziridzwa kuti tive nechokwadi chekuti michina yedu inopa kushanda kwakasimba uye kushanda kwakasimba mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo.

6. Nezvedu

Lumispot inonyanya kugadzira nekugadzira ma-laser e-semiconductor anoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvishandiso zve optoelectronic. Tinonzwisisa basa rakakosha rinoitwa nezvikamu zvezvinhu zvakaita se resistivity mukushanda kwechigadzirwa. Bata nesu kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve resistivity control, zvinhu zve semiconductor zvakagadzirirwa iwe, uye mhinduro dzekugadzira laser dzakagadzirirwa zvaunoda.