Nekukura kuri kuita tekinoroji ye optoelectronic nekukurumidza, ma semiconductor lasers akawana mashandisirwo akawanda munzvimbo dzakadai sekutaurirana, zvishandiso zvekurapa, kushandisa laser, kugadzira maindasitiri, uye zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Pakati pehunyanzvi uhwu pane PN junction, iyo inoita basa rakakosha—kwete chete senzvimbo inoburitsa chiedza asiwo sehwaro hwekushanda kwechishandiso ichi. Chinyorwa chino chinopa pfupiso yakajeka uye yakapfupika yemaumbirwo, misimboti, uye mabasa akakosha ePN junction muma semiconductor lasers.
1. Chii chinonzi PN Junction?
PN junction inosangana pakati peP-type semiconductor neN-type semiconductor:
Semiconductor yemhando yeP ine tsvina yekugamuchira, yakaita seboron (B), zvichiita kuti maburi ave ndiwo anotakura mari yakawanda.
Semiconductor yerudzi rweN ine tsvina yemupi wezvinhu zvakaita sephosphorus (P), zvichiita kuti maerekitironi ave ndiwo anotakura zvinhu zvakawanda.
Kana zvinhu zvemhando yeP neN zvabatanidzwa, maerekitironi anobva kuN anopararira achipinda muP, uye maburi anobva kuP anopararira achipinda muN. Kupararira uku kunoita kuti pave nedunhu rekupera simba uko maerekitironi nemaburi zvinobatana, zvichisiya maion ane chaji anogadzira munda wemagetsi wemukati, unozivikanwa sebuilt-in potential barrier.
2. Basa rePN Junction muLaser
(1) Jekiseni remutakuri
Kana laser ichishanda, PN junction inenge yakatarisana nemberi: P-region yakabatana ne positive voltage, uye N-region yakabatana ne negative voltage. Izvi zvinodzima internal electric field, zvichibvumira maerekitironi nemaburi kuti apinzwe munzvimbo inoshanda panosangana magetsi, uko anogona kubatanidzwazve.
(2) Kuburitswa Kwechiedza: Kwakatangira Kuburitswa Kwechiedza
Munzvimbo inoshanda, maerekitironi nemaburi anopinzwa zvinobatana uye zvinoburitsa mafotoni. Pakutanga, maitiro aya anongoerekana abuda, asi sezvo huwandu hwemafotoni huchiwedzera, mafotoni anogona kukurudzira kubatanidzwa kwemaerekitironi nemaburi, zvichiburitsa mamwe mafotoni ane chikamu chimwe chete, gwara, uye simba—uku ndiko kubuda kunokurudzirwa.
Maitiro aya anoumba hwaro hwe laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
(3) Maburi eGain neResonant Anoumba Laser Output
Kuti kuwedzere kuburitswa kwechiedza, ma semiconductor lasers anosanganisira maburi ane resonant kumativi ese ePN junction. Semuenzaniso, muma edge-emitting lasers, izvi zvinogona kuitwa uchishandisa Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBRs) kana magirazi ekudzivirira kuti chiedza chiratidze chiedza kumashure nemberi. Kugadziriswa uku kunobvumira ma wavelength chaiwo echiedza kuti awedzere, zvichizoguma nekubuda kwe laser kwakabatana uye kwakanangana.
3. Magadzirirwo ePN Junction uye Kugadzirisa Magadzirirwo
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe semiconductor laser, chimiro chePN chinogona kusiyana:
Kubatana kweChikamu Chimwe Chete (SH):
Dunhu reP, Dunhu reN, uye Dunhu rinoita basa rakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakafanana. Dunhu rekubatanidza zvinhu rakafara uye harishande zvakanaka.
Kubatana Kwemativi Maviri (DH):
Chikamu chidiki che "bandgap" chinobatika chinoiswa pakati penzvimbo dzeP- neN. Izvi zvinosunga zvese zvinotakura uye maphoton, zvichivandudza kushanda zvakanaka.
Maumbirwo etsime reQuantum:
Inoshandisa ultra-thin active layer kugadzira quantum confinement effects, inovandudza threshold characteristics uye modulation speed.
Zvivakwa izvi zvese zvakagadzirirwa kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwekubaiwa kwejekiseni, kusanganiswa kwemagetsi, uye kuburitswa kwechiedza munzvimbo yePN junction.
4. Mhedziso
PN junction ndiyo "moyo" we semiconductor laser. Kugona kwayo kuisa zvinhu zvinotakura pasi pe forward bias ndiyo chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti laser ibudiswe. Kubva pakugadzirwa kwechimiro uye kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kusvika pakudzora photon, mashandiro echinhu chose che laser anotenderera pakugadzirisa PN junction.
Sezvo matekinoroji e optoelectronic achiramba achifambira mberi, kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwePN junction physics hakungobatsiri chete mashandiro e laser asiwo kunoisa hwaro hwakasimba hwekuvandudzwa kwechizvarwa chinotevera che semiconductor lasers dzine simba guru, dzinomhanya zvakanyanya, uye dzinodhura zvishoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-28-2025