Nekufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwetekinoroji ye optoelectronic, ma semiconductor lasers ave kushandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzakadai sekutaurirana, mishonga, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye LiDAR, nekuda kwekushanda kwavo kwepamusoro, saizi yavo diki, uye nyore kwekuchinja. Pakati petekinoroji iyi pane gain medium, iyo inoita basa rakakosha. Inoshanda se"simba""iyo inogonesa kusimudzirwa kwekubuda uye kugadzirwa kwelaser, zvichisarudza laser'mashandiro, urefu hwenguva, uye kugona kwekushandisa.
1. Chii chinonzi Gain Medium?
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, chinhu chinopa simba rekuwedzera chiedza (gain medium) chinhu chinopa simba rekuwedzera chiedza (optical amplification). Kana chichishandiswa nesimba rekunze (senge electrical injection kana optical pumping), chinowedzera chiedza chechiitiko kuburikidza nekushanda kwesimba rinosimudzira chiedza (stimulated emission), zvichikonzera kubuda kwechiedza nelaser.
Muma semiconductor lasers, gain medium inowanzo umbwa nenzvimbo inoshanda paPN junction, iyo maumbirwo ayo, chimiro, uye nzira dzekushandisa doping zvinokanganisa zvakananga ma parameter akakosha senge threshold current, emission wavelength, efficiency, uye thermal characteristics.
2. Zvinhu Zvinowanikwa Kazhinji muSemiconductor Lasers
Michina yeIII-V compound semiconductors ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu. Mienzaniso yakajairika inosanganisira:
①GaAs (Gallium Arsenide)
Yakakodzera lasers inoburitsa mu850–Rudzi rwe980 nm, runoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukukurukurirana kwemaziso uye kudhinda nelaser.
②InP (Indium Phosphide)
Inoshandiswa pakuburitsa mabhendi e1.3 µm ne1.55 µm, zvakakosha pakutaurirana kwefiber-optic.
③InGaAsP / AlGaAs / InGaN
Maumbirwo avo anogona kugadziriswa kuti awane marefu akasiyana-siyana ehurefu hwemafungu, zvichigadzira hwaro hwemagadzirirwo elaser anogadziriswa-marefu ehurefu hwemafungu.
Zvinhu izvi zvinowanzova nemagadzirirwo akananga ebandgap, zvichiita kuti zvishande zvakanaka pakusanganiswa kwema electron-hole ne photon emission, zvakanakira kushandiswa mu semiconductor laser gain medium.
3. Kushanduka kweMagadzirirwo eGain
Sezvo matekinoroji ekugadzira zvinhu achifambira mberi, magadzirirwo emhando yepamusoro muma laser e semiconductor akashanduka kubva pakubatana kwekutanga kusvika pakubatana kwezvikamu, uye zvakare kusvika pakugadzirisa kwe quantum well uye quantum dot.
①Kuwana Pakati Pakati Pekubatana
Nekubatanidza zvinhu zve semiconductor ne bandgaps dzakasiyana, vatakuri nema photon zvinogona kuvharirwa zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakatarwa, zvichiwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye zvichideredza threshold current.
②Maumbirwo eMatsime eQuantum
Nekuderedza ukobvu hwenzvimbo inoshanda kusvika pachiyero chenanometer, maerekitironi anovharirwa muzvikamu zviviri, zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kushanda kweradiative recombination. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave nemalaser ane threshold currents dzakaderera uye kugadzikana kwekupisa kuri nani.
③Maumbirwo eQuantum Dot
Uchishandisa matekiniki ekuzviunganidza, ma nanostructures asina divi rimwe chete anoumbwa, zvichipa kugoverwa kwesimba kwakapinza. Magadzirirwo aya anopa hunhu hwekuwedzera simba uye kugadzikana kwewavelength, zvichiita kuti ave nzvimbo inonyanya kutsvagirwa ye lasers dzemhando yepamusoro dze semiconductor lasers dzechizvarwa chinotevera.
4. Chii Chinonzi Gain Medium?
①Kureba kweMafungu eKubuda
Kureba kwechinhu chacho ndiko kunosarudza laser's wavelength. Semuenzaniso, InGaAs yakakodzera malaser ari pedyo neinfrared, nepo InGaN ichishandiswa malaser ebhuruu kana violet.
②Kushanda Nesimba
Kufamba kwemuchina wekutakura zvinhu uye mwero wekusashandisa mwaranzi zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwekushandura magetsi kubva kumagetsi kuenda kumagetsi.
③Kushanda Kwekupisa
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopindura kuchinja kwetembiricha nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichikanganisa kuvimbika kwelaser munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nedzemauto.
④Mhinduro yeKuchinja-chinja
Iyo gain medium inokanganisa laser'kumhanya kwekupindura, izvo zvakakosha mukushandiswa kwekutaurirana nekukurumidza.
5. Mhedziso
Muchimiro chakaoma che semiconductor lasers, chinhu chinobatsira kuwana mufaro ndicho "moyo" waro zvechokwadi.—Haisi chete mhosva yekugadzira laser asiwo yekuchinja hupenyu hwayo, kugadzikana, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwayo. Kubva pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu kusvika pakugadzirwa kwechivakwa, kubva pakushanda kwehukuru kusvika kuma microscopic mechanisms, budiriro yega yega mune gain medium iri kutungamira tekinoroji ye laser kune kushanda kukuru, mashandisirwo akakura, uye kuongorora kwakadzama.
Nekufambira mberi kuri kuenderera mberi mune zvesainzi yezvinhu uye tekinoroji yekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, nzira yekuwedzera hunyanzvi inotarisirwa kuunza kupenya kwakanyanya, kufukidzwa kwakakura kwemafungu emhepo, uye mhinduro dze laser dzakangwara.—kuvhura mikana yakawanda yesainzi, maindasitiri, uye nzanga.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-17-2025