Iyo yakakosha kushanda musimboti welaser (Chiedza Amplification neStimulated Emission of Radiation) yakavakirwa pane chiitiko chekusimudzira kubuda kwechiedza. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yeakanyatso dhizaini uye zvimiro, lasers anogadzira matanda ane yakakwirira kubatana, monochromaticity, uye kupenya. Laser anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwemazuva ano, kusanganisira mundima dzakadai sekutaurirana, mushonga, kugadzira, kuyerwa, uye tsvagiridzo yesainzi. Kubudirira kwavo kwepamusoro uye hunhu hwekutonga hunoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chetekinoroji zhinji. Pazasi pane tsananguro yakadzama yemisimboti yekushanda kwema lasers uye maitiro emhando dzakasiyana dze lasers.
1. Stimulated Emission
Stimulated emissionndiyo musimboti uri kumashure kwelaser generation, yakatanga kutaurwa naEinstein muna 1917. Chiitiko ichi chinotsanangura kuti mafotoni akabatana anogadzirwa sei kuburikidza nekudyidzana pakati pechiedza uye excited-state matter. Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani kukurudzirwa kuburitsa, ngatitangei nezvinongoerekana zvaitika:
Spontaneous Emission: Muatomu, mamorekuru, kana mamwe ma microscopic particles, maerekitironi anogona kutora simba rekunze (semagetsi kana optical energy) uye kuchinja kune imwe simba repamusoro, rinozivikanwa senyika inofadza. Zvisinei, maerekitironi echifaro haana kugadzikana uye anozopedzisira adzokera padanho resimba repasi, rinozivikanwa senyika yepasi, mushure menguva pfupi. Munguva iyi, electron inobudisa photon, iyo inongoerekana yabuda. Mafotoni akadaro haana kurongeka maererano ne frequency, chikamu, uye kutungamira, uye nekudaro kushaya kubatana.
Stimulated Emission: Chinokosha chekusimudzira kubudiswa ndechokuti kana electron-state-excited ikasangana ne photon ine simba rinoenderana nekushandura kwayo simba, photon inogona kuita kuti electron idzokere kuvhu apo ichibudisa photon itsva. Iyo itsva photon yakafanana neyekutanga maererano ne frequency, chikamu, uye kuparadzira gwara, zvichikonzera kuwirirana kwechiedza. Ichi chiitiko chinowedzera huwandu uye simba remafotoni uye ndiyo musimboti mashandiro emalaser.
Positive Feedback Effect yeStimulated Emission: Mukugadzirwa kwema lasers, iyo inokurudzirwa emission process inodzokororwa kakawanda, uye iyi yakanaka mhinduro mhedzisiro inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya nhamba yemafotoni. Nekubatsirwa kwegomba resonant, kuwirirana kwemafotoni kunochengetedzwa, uye kusimba kwechiedza chechiedza chinoramba chichiwedzera.
2. Gain Medium
Theget mediumndiyo yakakosha zvinhu mu laser inotaridza kukwidziridzwa kwemafotoni uye kuburitsa laser. Ndiyo hwaro hwemuviri hwekusimudzirwa kuburitsa, uye zvimiro zvayo zvinotarisa frequency, wavelength, uye simba rekubuda relaser. Mhando uye hunhu hweiyo yepakati inobata zvakananga mashandisirwo uye kuita kweiyo laser.
Excitation Mechanism: Ma electrons ari mu gain medium anofanirwa kunakidzwa kusvika padanho repamusoro resimba nekunze kwesimba sosi. Iyi nzira inowanzoitwa nekunze kwesimba rekupa masisitimu. Common excitation mechanisms dzinosanganisira:
Kupomba Kwemagetsi: Kunakidza maerekitironi muchikamu chekuwana nekuisa magetsi.
Optical Pumping: Inofadza yepakati nemwenje sosi (senge rambi remwenje kana imwe laser).
Energy Levels System: Ma electrons ari mu gain medium anowanzo kugoverwa mumasimba chaiwo. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiwomaviri-level systemsuyemana-level systems. Munzira yakapfava yemazinga maviri, maerekitironi anochinja kubva pasi kuenda kunzvimbo yekunakidzwa uyezve anodzokera kumamiriro epasi kuburikidza nekusimudzirwa kuburitsa. Mune mana-level system, maerekitironi anoita shanduko dzakaoma pakati pemazinga akasiyana esimba, kazhinji zvichikonzera kushanda kwepamusoro.
Mhando dzeGain Media:
Gasi Kuwana Pakati: Semuenzaniso, helium-neon (He-Ne) lasers. Gasi kuwana midhiya inozivikanwa nekugadzikana kwayo kubuda uye yakagadziriswa wavelength, uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya seyakajairwa magetsi masosi mumarabhoritari.
Liquid Gain Medium: Somuenzaniso, dhayi lasers. Mamorekuru edhayi ane yakanaka yekuwedzeredza zvivakwa mhiri kwakasiyana wavelengths, achiaita akanakira tunable lasers.
Solid Gain Medium: Semuyenzaniso, Nd(neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) lasers. Aya lasers anoshanda zvakanyanya uye ane simba, uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ekucheka, welding, uye zvekurapa zvikumbiro.
Semiconductor Gain Medium: Semuenzaniso, gallium arsenide (GaAs) zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukukurukurirana uye optoelectronic zvishandiso senge laser diodes.
3. Resonator Cavity
Theresonator cavityinhengo yezvimiro mu laser inoshandiswa kune mhinduro uye kuwedzera. Basa rayo repakati nderekukwidziridza huwandu hwemafotoni anogadzirwa kuburikidza nekusimudzirwa kuburitsa nekuratidza uye nekuakurisa mukati megomba, nekudaro ichigadzira yakasimba uye yakatarisana laser kubuda.
Chimiro cheResonator Cavity: Kazhinji ine magirazi maviri akafanana. Imwe girazi rinonyatsoratidza, rinozivikanwa segirazi rekumashure, uye imwe yacho igirazi rinoratidza zvishoma, rinozivikanwa segirazi rinobuda. Mapikicha anoratidza kumashure nekudzoka mukati megomba uye anokwidziridzwa kuburikidza nekudyidzana nekuwana medium.
Resonance Condition: Magadzirirwo emugodhi resonator anofanira kusangana nemamwe mamiriro, akadai sekuona kuti mafotoni anoumba masaisai akamira mukati megomba. Izvi zvinoda iyo cavity urefu kuti ive yakawanda yeiyo laser wavelength. Mafungu emwenje chete anosangana nemamiriro aya anogona kukwidziridzwa zvinobudirira mukati megomba.
Output Beam: Chionioni chinotarisisa chikamu chinobvumira chikamu chemwenje yakasimudzwa kuti ipfuure, ichigadzira danda rekubuda kwelaser. Iri danda rine kutungamira kwepamusoro, kubatana, uye monochromaticity.
Kana iwe uchida kudzidza zvakawanda kana kufarira lasers, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu:
Lumispot
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Nguva yekutumira: Sep-18-2024