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Airborne LiDAR sensorsinogona kubata chaiwo mapoinzi kubva kune laser pulse, inozivikanwa se discrete kudzoka kuyerwa, kana kurekodha siginecha yakazara sezvainodzoka, inonzi yakazara-waveform, panguva dzakatarwa senge 1 ns (iyo inovhara anenge 15 cm). Yakazara-waveform LiDAR inonyanya kushandiswa mumasango, nepo discrete kudzoka LiDAR ine yakafara maapplication munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Ichi chinyorwa chinonyanya kukurukura discrete kudzoka LiDAR uye mashandisiro ayo. Muchitsauko chino, tichabata akati wandei akakosha misoro nezve LiDAR, kusanganisira ayo akakosha zvikamu, maitirwo ayo, huchokwadi hwayo, masisitimu, uye zviripo zviwanikwa.
Basic Zvikamu zveLiDAR
Ground-based LiDAR masisitimu anowanzo shandisa lasers ane wavelengths pakati pe500-600 nm, nepo airborne LiDAR masisitimu anoshandisa lasers ane marefu akareba, kubva pa1000-1600 nm. Iyo yakajairwa mhepo yeLiDAR setup inosanganisira laser scanner, yuniti yekuyera kureba (kurenga unit), uye masisitimu ekutonga, kutarisa, uye kurekodha. Inosanganisirawo Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) uye Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), inowanzobatanidzwa mune imwe nzira inozivikanwa sechinzvimbo uye maitiro ekugadzirisa. Iyi sisitimu inopa chaiyo nzvimbo (longitude, latitude, uye urefu) uye kutarisisa (roll, pitch, uye musoro) data.
Iwo maitiro ayo laser anoongorora nzvimbo anogona kusiyana, kusanganisira zigzag, parallel, kana elliptical nzira. Iko kusanganiswa kweDGPS neIMU data, pamwe chete necalibration data uye kukwira paramita, inobvumira sisitimu kunyatsogadzirisa yakaunganidzwa laser point. Aya mapoinzi anobva apihwa marongero (x, y, z) mune geographic coordinate system uchishandisa World Geodetic System ye1984 (WGS84) datum.
Sei LiDARRemote SensingMabasa? Tsanangura Nenzira Yakapfava
Iyo LiDAR sisitimu inoburitsa nekukurumidza laser pulses yakanangana nechinhu chakanangwa kana pamusoro.
Iwo laser pulses anoratidza kubva pachinangwa uye kudzokera kuLiDAR sensor.
Iyo sensor inoyera chaizvo nguva yainotora kuti pulse yega yega ifambe kuenda kune chinangwa uye kumashure.
Uchishandisa kukurumidza kwechiedza uye nguva yekufamba, kureba kune chinangwa kunoverengwa.
Yakasanganiswa nenzvimbo uye yekumisikidza data kubva kuGPS neIMU sensors, iwo chaiwo 3D kurongeka kwema laser reflections anotemerwa.
Izvi zvinokonzeresa gore gobvu re 3D point inomiririra nzvimbo yakaongororwa kana chinhu.
Physical Nheyo yeLiDAR
LiDAR masisitimu anoshandisa maviri marudzi e lasers: pulsed uye inoenderera wave wave. Pulsed LiDAR masisitimu anoshanda nekutumira kapfupi mwenje pulse uyezve kuyera nguva inotora kuti pulse iyi ifambe ichienda kune chakanangana nekudzoka kune inogamuchira. Uku kuyerwa kwenguva yekudzoka nekudzoka kunobatsira kuona chinhambwe kuenda kune chinangwa. Muenzaniso unoratidzwa mudhayagiramu umo maamplitudes eese ari maviri anopfuudzwa mwenje chiratidzo (AT) uye yakagamuchirwa mwenje chiratidzo (AR) inoratidzwa. Iyo basic equation inoshandiswa muchirongwa ichi inosanganisira kumhanya kwechiedza (c) uye chinhambwe kuenda kune chakananga (R), zvichiita kuti sisitimu iverenge chinhambwe zvichienderana nekuti chinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti chiedza chidzoke.
Discrete kudzoka uye yakazara-waveform kuyerwa uchishandisa mhepo LiDAR.
Yakajairika mhepo LiDAR system.
Iyo yekuyera maitiro muLiDAR, iyo inotarisa zvese detector uye maitiro echinangwa, inopfupikiswa neyakajairwa LiDAR equation. Iyi equation inogadziridzwa kubva kune radar equation uye yakakosha mukunzwisisa maverengero eLiDAR masisitimu anoverengera madaro. Inotsanangura hukama huri pakati pesimba rechiratidzo chakatumirwa (Pt) uye simba rechiratidzo chakagamuchirwa (Pr). Chaizvoizvo, iyo equation inobatsira kuyera kuti ingani yemwenje inofambiswa inodzoserwa kune inogamuchira mushure mekutarisa kubva pachinangwa, izvo zvakakosha pakuona madaro uye kugadzira mepu chaiyo. Hukama uhwu hunofunga zvinhu zvakaita sechiratidzo chekudzikisira nekuda kwechinhambwe uye kudyidzana nenzvimbo inotarirwa.
Zvishandiso zveLiDAR Remote Sensing
LiDAR iri kure inonzwa ine akawanda maficha munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana:
Terrain uye topographic mepu yekugadzira yakakwirira-resolution yedhijitari yekumusoro modhi (DEMs).
Masango uye mepu yezvinomera yekudzidza muti canopy chimiro uye biomass.
Mepu yemahombekombe nemhenderekedzo yegungwa yekutarisa kukurwa kwevhu uye shanduko yegungwa.
Kuronga kwemadhorobha uye kuenzanisira kwezvivakwa, kusanganisira zvivakwa uye network yekufambisa.
Archeology uye tsika yenhaka zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo dzesaiti uye zvigadzirwa.
Geological uye migodhi ongororo yemepu pamusoro pezvinhu uye yekutarisa mashandiro.
Autonomous mota kufamba uye kuona zvipingamupinyi.
Kuongorora kwepuraneti, senge mepu pamusoro peMars.
Unoda Yemahara Consulation?
LiDAR Zviwanikwa:
Rondedzero isina kukwana yeLiDAR data masosi uye yemahara software inopihwa pazasi.LiDAR data masosi:
1.Vhura Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.United States Interagency Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.National Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Digital Coasthttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.National Ecological Observatory Network—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.LiDAR Data yeNorthern Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.LiDAR Data yeUnited Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Yemahara LiDAR Software:
1.Inoda ENVI. http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(yeLiDAR uye imwe raster/vector data) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(LiDAR data kuona, kutendeuka, uye kuongorora) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.LAS Zvishandiso(Kodhi uye software yekuverenga nekunyora mafaira eLAS) http://www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Seti yezvishandiso zveGUI zvekuona uye kushandurwa kweLASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(C/C++ raibhurari yekuverenga/kunyora LAS fomati) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Multi-scale curvature classification yeLiDAR) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(3D kuona kweLiDAR data) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Ongorora zvizere(Vhura sosi software yekugadzirisa uye kuona LiDARpoint makore nemasaisai) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Point Cloud Magic (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Quick Terrain Reader(Kuona kweLiDAR point makore) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ Yekuwedzera LiDAR software maturusi anogona kuwanikwa kubva kuOpen Topography ToolRegistry peji rewebhu pa http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Kutenda
- Ichi chinyorwa chinosanganisira tsvakiridzo kubva ku "LiDAR Remote Sensing uye Zvishandiso" naVinícius Guimarães, 2020. Chinyorwa chizere chiripo.here.
- Iyi yakazara rondedzero uye yakadzama tsananguro yeLiDAR data masosi uye yemahara software inopa yakakosha kit yevashandisi nevatsvaguri mumunda wekunzwa kure uye ongororo yenzvimbo.
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Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-16-2024