Lumispot inopa vimbiso yepamusoro-soro yemhando yepamusoro uye sevhisi yekutengeswa mushure mekutengesa, yakatenderwa nehurongwa hwemhando yenyika, hweindasitiri, hweFDA, uye hweCE. Kupindura kwevatengi nekukurumidza uye rutsigiro rwekukurumidza mushure mekutengesa.
Nyorera kuSocial Media Yedu Kuti Uwane Chiziviso Chinokurumidza
Masensa eAirborne LiDARinogona kubata mapoinzi chaiwo kubva ku laser pulse, inozivikanwa se discrete return measurements, kana kunyora chiratidzo chose painodzoka, inonzi full-waveform, panguva dzakatarwa se1 ns (inofukidza anenge 15 cm). Full-waveform LiDAR inonyanya kushandiswa mumasango, nepo discrete return LiDAR ine mashandisirwo akakura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Chinyorwa chino chinonyanya kutaura nezve discrete return LiDAR uye mashandisirwo ayo. Muchitsauko chino, tichakurukura misoro yakati wandei inokosha nezve LiDAR, kusanganisira zvikamu zvayo zvekutanga, mashandiro ayo, kururama kwayo, masisitimu, uye zviwanikwa zviripo.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveLiDAR
Masisitimu eLiDAR akavakirwa pasi anowanzo shandisa ma laser ane ma wavelength ari pakati pe500–600 nm, nepo masisitimu eLiDAR anofamba nemhepo achishandisa ma laser ane ma wavelength akareba, anotangira pa1000–1600 nm. Kugadziriswa kweLiDAR inofambiswa nemhepo kwakajairika kunosanganisira laser scanner, unit yekuyera daro (ranging unit), uye masisitimu ekudzora, kutarisa, uye kurekodha. Inosanganisirawo Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) uye Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), inowanzobatanidzwa musystem imwe inozivikanwa se position and orientation system. Iyi sisitimu inopa data renzvimbo chaiyo (longitude, latitude, and altitude) uye orientation (roll, pitch, and heading).
Mapatani ayo laser scan nzvimbo yacho anogona kusiyana, kusanganisira nzira dze zigzag, parallel, kana elliptical. Kusanganiswa kwe data reDGPS neIMU, pamwe chete ne data re calibration uye mounting parameters, zvinobvumira system kugadzirisa ma laser points akaunganidzwa nemazvo. Mapoinzi aya anobva apihwa ma coordinates (x, y, z) mu geographic coordinate system uchishandisa World Geodetic System ya1984 (WGS84) datum.
Maitiro eLiDARKunzwa KureMabasaTsanangura nenzira iri nyore
Sisitimu yeLiDAR inoburitsa mapuroteni elaser anokurumidza kuenda kune chinhu chakanangana nacho kana pamusoro.
Mapundu elaser anobuda pachinangwa odzokera kuLiDAR sensor.
Sensor inoyera nemazvo nguva inotora kuti pulse yega yega ifambe ichienda kune chinangwa uye ichidzoka.
Uchishandisa kumhanya kwechiedza nenguva yekufamba, daro rekuenda kune chinangwa rinoverengwa.
Pamwe chete nedata renzvimbo uye rekutungamira kubva kumasensa eGPS neIMU, marongero chaiwo e3D ereflections elaser anosarudzwa.
Izvi zvinoguma negore gobvu re3D rinomiririra pamusoro kana chinhu chakaskenwa.
Nheyo yePhysical yeLiDAR
Masisitimu eLiDAR anoshandisa mhando mbiri dzema laser: pulsed ne continuous wave. Masisitimu ePulsed LiDAR anoshanda nekutumira pulse pfupi yechiedza uye obva ayera nguva inotora kuti pulse iyi ifambe ichienda kune chinangwa uye kudzokera kune anogamuchira. Kuyera uku kwenguva yekudzoka kunobatsira kuona daro kuenda kune chinangwa. Muenzaniso unoratidzwa mudhayagiramu apo amplitudes yechiratidzo chechiedza chinotumirwa (AT) nechiratidzo chechiedza chinogamuchirwa (AR) zvinoratidzwa. Equation yekutanga inoshandiswa muhurongwa uhwu inosanganisira kumhanya kwechiedza (c) uye daro kuenda kune chinangwa (R), zvichibvumira hurongwa kuverenga daro zvichienderana nekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti chiedza chidzoke.
Kudzoka kwakasiyana uye kuyerwa kwehuwandu hwemafungu uchishandisa LiDAR iri mumhepo.
Sisitimu yeLiDAR inofambiswa nemhepo yakajairika.
Maitiro ekuyera muLiDAR, ayo anotarisa zvese detector uye hunhu hwechinangwa, anopfupikiswa ne standard LiDAR equation. Iyi equation yakagadziriswa kubva ku radar equation uye inokosha pakunzwisisa kuti masisitimu eLiDAR anoverenga sei daro. Inotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pesimba rechiratidzo chinotumirwa (Pt) nesimba rechiratidzo chinogamuchirwa (Pr). Chaizvoizvo, equation inobatsira kuyera kuti chiedza chinotumirwa chinodzoserwa sei kumugamuchiri mushure mekuratidzira chinangwa, izvo zvakakosha pakuona daro uye kugadzira mamepu akarurama. Hukama uhwu hunofunga nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekuderedzwa kwechiratidzo nekuda kwedaro uye kusangana nenzvimbo inotarwa.
Mashandisirwo eLiDAR Remote Sensing
Kunzwa kweLiDAR kure kune mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muminda yakasiyana-siyana:
Kugadzira mapu enzvimbo nenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzekugadzira mamodheru epamusoro-soro edhijitari (DEMs).
Kugadzira mepu yemasango nemiti kuti tidzidze chimiro chemiti uye biomass.
Kugadzira mapu egungwa nemahombekombe egungwa ekutarisa kukanganiswa kwevhu uye shanduko dzegungwa.
Kuronga maguta nekugadzira zvivakwa, kusanganisira zvivakwa nematanho ekufambisa.
Zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo yezvakaitika kare netsika dzekare.
Ongororo dzezve geology nedzemigodhi dzekugadzira mamepu enzvimbo uye mabasa ekutarisa.
Kufamba kwemotokari dzinozvitonga uye kuona zvipingamupinyi.
Kuongorora mapuraneti, sekunge kumepu yepamusoro peMars.
Unoda Konsulasi Yemahara?
Zvishandiso zveLiDAR:
Rondedzero isina kukwana yezvinyorwa zvedata zveLiDAR uye software yemahara inowanikwa pazasi. Zvinyorwa zvedata zveLiDAR:
1.Vhura Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.Nhamba yeUnited States Interagency Elevationhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ zvinhu zviri mudura/
4.Kutarisirwa kweNyika kweOceanic neAtmospheric (NOAA)Mahombekombe eDigital https://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.Network yeNational Ecological Observatory—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.Data reLiDAR rekuchamhembe kweSpainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.Data reLiDAR reUnited Kingdomhttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Software yeLiDAR yemahara:
1.Inoda ENVIhttp://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(yeLiDAR nedzimwe data re raster/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.KUSANGANISWA/LDV(Kuona, kushandura, uye kuongorora data reLiDAR) http://forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.Zvishandiso zveLAS(Kodhi nesoftware yekuverenga nekunyora mafaira eLAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Seti yeGUI yekushandisa pakuona nekushandura maLASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtity/LASUtity.html
6.LibLAS(Raibhurari yeC/C++ yekuverenga/kunyora LAS format) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Kupatsanurwa kweLiDAR nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana) http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(Kuratidzwa kwe3D kwedata reLiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Ongorora Yakazara(Open source software yekugadzirisa nekuona LiDARpoint clouds uye waveforms) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Mashiripiti eGore rePoint (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Muverengi weMatunhu Anokurumidza(Kuona maLiDAR point clouds) http://applidayimary.com/download/ Zvimwe zvishandiso zvesoftware yeLiDAR zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva pawebhusaiti yeOpen Topography ToolRegistry pa http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Kutenda
- Chinyorwa chino chinosanganisira tsvakurudzo kubva ku "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" naVinícius Guimarães, 2020. Chinyorwa chose chinowanikwapano.
- Rondedzero iyi yakazara pamwe netsananguro yakadzama yedata reLiDAR pamwe nesoftware yemahara zvinopa chishandiso chakakosha kune nyanzvi nevatsvagiri munyaya dzekuongorora kure uye kuongorora nzvimbo.
Chiziviso:
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Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-16-2024