Zvishandiso zveLaser rangefinders, LiDARs, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emazuva ano, kuongorora nzvimbo, kutyaira wega, uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi. Zvisinei, vashandisi vazhinji vanoona kutsauka kukuru pakuyera pavanenge vachishanda mumunda, kunyanya pavanenge vachibata zvinhu zvemavara akasiyana kana zvinhu. Chikonzero chikuru chekukanganisa uku chinowanzoenderana nekutarisa kwechinhu chinotariswa. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora kukanganisa kwekutarisa pakuyera kure uye kupa mazano anoshanda ekusarudza chinangwa.
1. Chii chinonzi Reflectivity uye Nei Ichikanganisa Kuyera Kureba?
Kupenya kunoreva kugona kwenzvimbo kuratidza chiedza chechiitiko, chinowanzo ratidzwa sechikamu (semuenzaniso, rusvingo ruchena rune kupenya kweinenge 80%, nepo rabha nhema ine 5%) chete. Midziyo yekuyera laser inoona daro nekuverenga musiyano wenguva pakati pechiedza chinoburitswa nechiedza chinoratidzwa (vachishandisa mutemo weTime-of-Flight). Kana kupenya kwechinhu chakanangana nacho kwakaderera zvakanyanya, zvinogona kutungamira ku:
- Simba Rechiratidzo Risina Kusimba: Kana chiedza chinoratidzwa chisina kusimba, mudziyo haugone kubata chiratidzo chiripo.
- Kukanganisa Kwakawedzerwa Kwekuyera: Kana ruzha rwakanyanya kupindira, kunyatsoita basa kunoderera.
- Kuyera Kupfupikiswa: Daro guru rinoshanda rinogona kuderera neanopfuura 50%.
2. Kupatsanura Kufungisisa uye Nzira dzekusarudza Chinangwa
Zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zvakajairika, zvinangwa zvinogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu zvinotevera:
① Zvinangwa zveKupenya Kwakanyanya (>50%)
- Zvinhu Zvakajairika: Nzvimbo dzesimbi dzakaporishwa, magirazi, zvicherwa zvichena, kongiri ine ruvara rwakajeka
- Zvakanakira: Kudzoka kwechiratidzo kwakasimba, kwakakodzera kuyerwa kwakanyatsojeka kwedaro refu (kupfuura 500m)
- Maitiro Ekushandisa: Kuongorora zvivakwa, kuongorora tambo dzemagetsi, kuongorora nzvimbo yedrone
- Cherechedza: Dzivisa magirazi anogona kutungamira ku specular reflections (izvo zvinogona kukonzera kusarongeka kwemapundu).
② Zvinangwa zveKutarisa Pakati Nepakati (20%-50%)
- Zvinhu Zvakajairika: Matanda, migwagwa yeasphalt, madziro ezvidhinha zvakasviba, zvirimwa zvakasvibira
- Matanho ekudzivirira:
Kupfupisa daro rekuyera (rinokurudzirwa <200m).
Shandisa nzira yekunzwa kwakanyanya kwemuchina.
Sarudza nzvimbo dzisina matte (semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa nechando).
③ Zvinangwa zveKutarisa Kwakaderera (<20%)
- Zvinhu Zvakajairika: Rabha nhema, mirwi yemarasha, machira matema, nzvimbo dzemvura
- Njodzi: Zviratidzo zvinogona kurasika kana kukanganiswa nekusvetuka.
- Mhinduro:
Shandisa chinangwa chekutarisa-kare (mabhodhi ekuratidzira).
Gadzirisa kona ye laser incidence kusvika pasi pe45° (kuti uwedzere kupenya kwe diffuse).
Sarudza michina inoshanda pahurefu hwemafungu e905nm kana 1550nm (kuti ipinde zviri nani).
3. Maitiro Akakosha Ezviitiko
① Kuyerwa kweDynamic Target (semuenzaniso, mota dzinofamba):
- Isa nhamba dzemotokari dzinoratidza marezinesi adzo pakutanga (nzvimbo dzine chiedza chakawanda) kana kuti miviri yemotokari ine ruvara rwakajeka.
- Shandisa tekinoroji yakawanda yekuziva manzwi (kubvisa mvura nemhute).
② Kurapa Kwakaomarara Pamusoro:
- Pasimbi ine ruvara rwakasviba, isa matte coatings (inogona kuwedzera reflectivity kusvika 30%).
- Isa mafirita e polarizing pamberi pemadziro emaketeni egirazi (kudzivisa specular reflection).
③ Muripo weKukanganiswa Kwenharaunda:
- Shandisa maalgorithms ekudzora chiedza chekumashure mumamiriro echiedza chakajeka.
- Kana mvura ichinaya kana kuti chando, shandisa tekinoroji ye pulse interval modulation (PIM).
4. Nhungamiro dzeKugadzirisa Zvimiro zveMidziyo
- Kugadziriswa kweSimba: Wedzera simba relaser kune zvinangwa zvisingaratidzike zvakanaka (ita shuwa kuti zvinoenderana nemiganhu yekuchengetedza maziso).
- Kuvhura Kugamuchira: Wedzera dhayamita yelenzi inogamuchira (pakupetwa kaviri kwega kwega, kuwedzera kwechiratidzo kunowedzera kana).
- Kugadzika kweThreshold: Gadzirisa mutsetse wechiratidzo (kuti usaite ruzha rwenhema).
5. Mafambiro Emangwana: Tekinoroji Yekubhadharisa Ruzivo Rwepfungwa
Masisitimu ekuyera daro rechizvarwa chinotevera ari kutanga kubatanidzwa:
- Adaptive Gain Control (AGC): Kugadziriswa kwekuona kwe photodetector panguva chaiyo.
- Magadzirirwo eAI ekuziva zvinhu: Kufananidza mhando dzezvinhu uchishandisa maficha e echo waveform.
- Multispectral Fusion: Kubatanidza chiedza chinoonekwa nedata re infrared kuti pave neruzivo rwakakwana.
Mhedziso
Kuziva hunhu hwe reflectivity inyanzvi huru yekuvandudza kurongeka kwekuyera. Nekusarudza nesainzi zvinangwa uye kugadzirisa zvishandiso nemazvo, kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu e reflectivity akaderera zvakanyanya (pasi pe10%), kurongeka kwekuyera kwe milimita kunogona kuwanikwa. Sezvo matekinoroji ekugadzirisa akangwara achikura, masisitimu ekuyera emangwana achachinjika "nehungwaru" kune nharaunda dzakaoma. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa misimboti yekutanga ye reflectivity kucharamba kuri hunyanzvi hwakakosha kumainjiniya.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-04-2025