Nechiziviso chakakosha manheru kwaOctober 3, 2023, iyo Nobel Mubairo weGoods yegore ra20023 yakavezwa mipiro yemasayendisiti matatu avo vakatamba mabasa emapiyona semapiyona ari munzvimbo yeattemocond laser tekinoroji yeAttemoll.

Izwi rekuti "attosecond laser" rinowana zita rayo kubva panguva dzinotenderera nguva dzinoshanda pamusoro, zvakananga muhurongwa hweattitoconds, zvinoenderana negumi ^ -18 masekondi. Kuti tinzwisise kukosha kukuru kwehunyanzvi uhwu, kunzwisisika kwakakosha kweiyo nzira yekutarisa inomiririsa isiratidzo. Anotarisirwa anomira seminiti yeminiti inopfuura yenguva, inogadzira bhiriyoni imwe yePillionth yechipiri yechipiri mukati mechirevo chakafa chechipiri. Kuti tisuise izvi mumaonero, kana taifananidza wechipiri kugomo rakareba, muTesecond angave akafanana nejecha rimwe rejecha rakamisirwa pasi pegomo. Mune izvi zvinopfupikiswa kwenguva pfupi, kunyange chiedza chinogona kunge chisingawanzo fambisa chinhambwe chakaenzana nehukuru hweatomu. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweAttosecond Lasers, masayendisiti anowana kugona kusingaenzaniswi kuongorora uye kunyengera masimba emhando mukati meAtomic

Attoseecond lasersZvinomiririra kugumisa kwekutsvagisa kwakakura uye kuenderana nekuedza kwakaita masayendisiti, avo vakasungira nheyo dzemapepa ePlipolar Optics kuti uraless lasers. Advent yavo yakatora nzvimbo yekutarisa yekutarisa kwekutarisa uye kuongorora kwemaitiro ane simba kunoshandurwa mukati maAtomu, mamorekuru, uye kunyange magetsi mune zvakasimba zvinhu.

Kuti udzivise chimiro chevatambi veAthesecond Lasers uye vanokoshesa zvavo zvisina kujairika kuti vazivise kune vakajairwa lasers, zvakakosha kuongorora chikamu chavo mukati meiyo yakakura "mhuri." Kuiswa kweWave Panyaya yemhando yekubuda, maAttosecond lasers anowira pasi peboka renzvimbo dzakabikwa, dziratidzirwe nedzikombe dzakatsiga mipendero yekutenderera. Kuti ubudirire Mukukosha, maAttosecond Lashibit maitiro ekuvhenekera mukati mekuvhenekera uye rima, asi shanduko yavo pakati penyaya mbiri dzinofamba-famba dzinoshamisa, dzinosvika kunzvimbo yevahedheni.

Kuwedzera Kukamurwa neSimba Nzvimbo Lasers Kuti Yesvure-Simba, Svikiro-Simba, uye Yakakwirira-Magetsi Mabhureki. Attosecond Lasers anowana yakakwira Peak Simba nekuda kwesimba ravo rakanyanya kupfeka menderekedzo, uye inotsanangurwa seyakawedzera simba nguva (p = w / t). Kunyangwe munhu mumwe munhu attesecond laser purses anogona kunge asina kuve nesimba rakakura (W), yavo yakapetwa kapinhes (t) inovapa simba rakakwirisa.

Panyaya yekushandisa nzvimbo, Lasers Span A Spectrum inosanganisira maindasitiri, zvekurapa, uye zvesayenzi. Attosecond LASERS inonyanya kuwana yavo mukati mekuratidzwa kwesainzi yekutsvaga kwesainzi, kunyanya mukutsvagurudza nekukurumidza mukati meimba yefirimu uye nemakemikari, anopa hwindo rekupfeka nyika.

Kukamura neLaser Evhaono Inosiyanisa Laser seGasi Lasers, Solid-State Lasers, Liquid Lasters, uye Semiconductor Lasers. Chizvarwa cheAttemocond Lasers kazhinji Hinges pane gasi Laser Media, Capitalizing paNonlinear Optical Mhedzisiro yekubatanidza yakakwira-oda Higonical Higonics.

Mukupfuma, maAtitocond lasers anoumba kirasi yakasarudzika yemapfupi-pulse lasers, akasiyaniswa nekwavo kupfupika puraseti madhiri, kazhinji akayerwa muAttemoconds. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vava zvishandiso zvisina musoro zvekutarisa nekudzora ulty framic maitiro ealekoni mukati maatherma, mamorekuru, uye zvinhu zvakasimba.

Maitiro elaborate ekutarisira chizvarwa laser

Attosecond laser tekinoroji inomira kumberi kweyesa resa resa resainzi, kuzvirumbidza neyakaomesesa seti yemarudzi izere nechizvarwa chayo. Kuti tisimbe nezvinonakidza zveAttemocond LASER chizvarwa, tinotanga nekutsanangurwa kwakadzika kwehunhu hwayo pasi, takateverwa nemafungiro akajeka anotorwa kubva pane zvakaitika zvezuva nezuva. Vaverengi vasina kudzidza mune zvinoitika zvakakodzera fizikisi havafanire kupererwa, semufananidzo akatevera chinangwa chekupa iyo fizikiti yeAttemocond.

Maitiro echizvarwa cheAttosecond LASERS anonyanya kudzivirira pane nzira inozivikanwa seyakakwirisa chizvarwa (HHG). Chekutanga, danda rezvekumusoro-simba rechikadzi (10 ^ -15 masekondi) laser pulses rakanyatsotarisisa pane rimwe gaseous tarisiro. Zvakakodzera kutarisa kuti femttosecond lasers, akin kune attosecond lasers, govana maitiro ekuve nepfupi kupfupika turations neakakwirira masimba masimba. Pasi pesimba remuti wakasimba weLaser, maElectrons mukati memasikati maatomu anenge akasunungurwa kubva kune yavo atomu nuclei, nenzwi rinopinda nechisimba emagetsi emahara. Sezvo aya ma elekitoni ostellate mukupindura munda weLaser, anozodzokera uye nekutsiva nemubereki wavo weAtomic atomic, achigadzira nyowani yakakwirira-simba nyika.

Munguva iyi, maElekitori anofamba achienda kwazvo, uye nekudzokorora neAtomic nuclei, vanosunungura imwe simba mune yakanyanya kuwirirana kwehukama, vachiratidzira seyakawandisa maficha.

Mafuro eaya achangobva kugadzirwa-simba emagetsi ezvikamu zveiyo yekutanga Laser Frequency, achigadzira izvo zvinonzi zvakakwirira-Order Harmonics, uko "Harfonics" inoreva mafambiro ezvekuita mitezo yekutanga. Kuti uwane maAttosecond lasers, inodikanwa kuti iite firter uye kutarisa izvi zvakakwirira-kurongeka yehukama, kusarudza zvakanyatsobatana uye kuzvisarudzira kuita nzvimbo yekutarisa. Kana yadikanwa Sezviri pachena, chizvarwa chevaridzi veArosecond chinoita kuti ishandise maitiro uye akawedzera kuita, achida huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye zvishandiso zvine hunyanzvi.

Kuti adzorere iyi maitiro akaomarara, tinopa fananidzo yakafanana mune zvese zviitiko zvezuva nezuva:

Yakakwira-yakanyanya femtosecond laser purses:

Fungidzira kuve nechirwere chakasiyana chinogona kukwanisa kudzikisira mabwe pakarepo pamatombo makuru, akafanana nebasa rakatorwa neakakwira-simba rechikadzi laser.

Gaseous target zvinhu:

Fungidzira muviri wedzinza wemvura unomiririra iyo gase ine simba tarisiro, uko imwe neimwe yekudonha kwemvura inomiririra Makumi Gasi maatomu maatomu. Chiitiko chekupa matombo mumuviri uyu wemagirazi emahara emvura zvakakura zvekukakavara kwepamusoro-femtosecond laer

Electron mafambiro uye nekudzokorora (mumuviri anotyora transition):

Kana chembere laser puls pulses inokanganisa maatomu egasi mukati mezvinhu zvemagetsi zvekunze, emagetsi ekunze anofara kusvika kune yavo Atomic Atomic nuclei, achiumba plasma-yakafanana nenyika. Semhando yehurongwa hwenyika racho rakati ratora

Yakakwirira Harmonic Chizvarwa:

FUNGIDZIRA imwe nguva yekudonha kwemvura inodzokera kuchiso chegungwa, inogadzira ripples, yakafanana neyakawirirana muAttemocond lasers. Iyi ripples ine marefu emhando yepamusoro uye amplitunts kupfuura iyo yekutanga ripples inokonzerwa neyekutanga femtosecond laver pulse. Munguva yeHHG, ine simba bheji, yakaenderera mberi ichidonhedza mabwe, ichivhenekera chinangwa chegesi, yakafanana nedanda remvura. Iyi yakanyanya laser yemunda inopa magetsi mune gasi, analogo simba kune ripples, kure nevabereki vavo maatomu vozovabvunza kumashure. Imwe neimwe nguva emagetsi anodzokera kuatomu, inoburitsa itsvo nyowani yeLaser ine yakakwira frequency, AKAIN kune yakawedzera kuomarara mapatani.

Kusefa uye kutarisa:

Kusanganisa zvese izvi zvichangogadzirwa laser beass kunopa iyo spectrum yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana (frequencies kana wavelengths), zvimwe zvinoumba attoseecond laser. Kuti uzviparadzanise ripple saizi uye nguva zhinji, unogona kushandisa faira rakakosha, Arikusarudza ripples dzaunoda, uye shandisa girazi rinokudza kuti uvarure munzvimbo yakatarwa.

Pulse compression (kana zvichidikanwa):

Kana iwe uchivavarira kuparadzanisa ripples nekukurumidza uye mupfupi, iwe unogona kusimudzira zvavanosanganisa uchishandisa chishandiso chakakosha, kuderedza nguva imwe neimwe ripple inopera. Chizvarwa cheAttemocond lasers chinosanganisira kupindirana kwakaomarara kwezviitiko. Nekudaro, kana ikaputswa uye yakaonekwa, inova isinganzwisisike.