Nhoroondo yeMotokari yeLiDAR
Kubva muna 2015 kusvika 2020, nyika yakaburitsa mitemo yakati wandei yakabatana, yakatarisana ne'mota dzakabatana dzakangwara' uye 'mota dzinozvishandira dzogaPakutanga kwa2020, Nyika yakaburitsa zvirongwa zviviri: Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Development Strategy uye Automobile Driving Automation Classification, kujekesa nzvimbo yehurongwa uye mafambiro ekuvandudza mune ramangwana ekutyaira kwega.
Yole Development, kambani inopa mazano pasi rose, yakaburitsa mushumo wekutsvagisa kweindasitiri une chekuita ne'Lidar yeMapurogiramu Emotokari uye Maindasitiri', yakataura kuti musika weLidar mumunda weMakambani eMotokari unogona kusvika mabhiriyoni mashanu nemazana manomwe emadhora ekuAmerica panosvika gore ra2026, zvinotarisirwa kuti mwero wekukura kwegore negore ungawedzera kusvika pamusoro pe21% mumakore mashanu anotevera.
Chii chinonzi Automotive LiDAR?
LiDAR, muchidimbu zvinoreva Light Detection and Ranging, itekinoroji itsva yakachinja indasitiri yemotokari, kunyanya munyaya dzemotokari dzinozvishandira dzoga. Inoshanda nekuburitsa ma pulses echiedza—kazhinji kubva ku laser—achienda kunzvimbo yakanangana nayo uye kuyera nguva inotora kuti chiedza chidzokere ku sensor. Data iri rinoshandiswa kugadzira mamepu ane mativi matatu enzvimbo yakatenderedza mota.
Masisitimu eLiDAR anozivikanwa nekunyatsorongeka kwawo uye kugona kuona zvinhu nemazvo, zvichiita kuti zvive chishandiso chakakosha pakutyaira wega. Kusiyana nemakamera anovimba nechiedza chinoonekwa uye anogona kunetseka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai sechiedza chidiki kana zuva rakananga, masensa eLiDAR anopa data rakavimbika mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana echiedza nemamiriro ekunze. Uyezve, kugona kweLiDAR kuyera daro nemazvo kunobvumira kuonekwa kwezvinhu, saizi yazvo, uye kunyange kumhanya kwazvo, izvo zvakakosha pakufamba mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekutyaira.
Chati Yekuyerera Kwenheyo Yekushanda yeLiDAR
Zvishandiso zveLiDAR muOtomatiki:
Tekinoroji yeLiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) muindasitiri yemotokari inonyanya kutarisa pakuvandudza kuchengetedzeka kwekutyaira uye kusimudzira matekinoroji ekutyaira ega. Tekinoroji yayo huru,Nguva Yekubhururuka (Kusvika kuF), inoshanda nekubvisa mapurose elaser uye kuverenga nguva inotora kuti mapurosese aya adzokororwe kubva kune zvipingamupinyi. Nzira iyi inogadzira data rakarurama kwazvo re "point cloud", iro rinogona kugadzira mamepu ane mativi matatu enzvimbo yakatenderedza mota nekunyatsojeka kwedanho remasendimita, zvichipa kugona kwekuziva nzvimbo kwemotokari kwakarurama zvikuru.
Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeLiDAR muchikamu chemotokari kunonyanya kutariswa munzvimbo dzinotevera:
Masisitimu Ekutyaira Anozvimirira:LiDAR ndeimwe yematekinoroji akakosha ekuwana mafambiro epamusoro ekutyaira wega. Inonyatsonzwisisa nharaunda yakatenderedza mota, kusanganisira dzimwe mota, vanofamba netsoka, zviratidzo zvemugwagwa, uye mamiriro emugwagwa, nokudaro ichibatsira masisitimu ekutyaira wega kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye dzakarurama.
Masisitimu Ekubatsira Vatyairi Epamusoro (ADAS):Munyaya yekubatsira vatyairi, LiDAR inoshandiswa kuvandudza maficha ekuchengetedza mota, anosanganisira adaptive cruise control, emergency braking, emergency detection, uye emergency emergency.
Kufamba uye Kuisa Mota:Mamepu e3D akagadzirwa neLiDAR anogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kunaka kwenzvimbo dzemotokari, kunyanya munzvimbo dzemaguta uko masaini eGPS akaganhurirwa.
Kutarisa uye Kutarisira Migwagwa:LiDAR inogona kushandiswa pakutarisa nekuongorora kufamba kwemotokari, zvichibatsira masisitimu emotokari muguta mukuvandudza kudzora masaini uye kuderedza kuwanda kwevanhu.
Zvekunzwa kure, kuwana nzvimbo dzakasiyana, otomatiki uye DTS, nezvimwewo.
Unoda Kubvunzana Kwemahara Here?
Mafambiro Ekuenda kuMotokari LiDAR
1. Kugadziriswa Kudiki kweLiDAR
Maonero echinyakare eindasitiri yemotokari anoti mota dzinozvitonga hadzifanirwe kusiyana nechitarisiko chemotokari dzemazuva ano kuti dzirambe dzichifara uye dzichifamba zvakanaka. Maonero aya akasimudzira maitiro ekugadzira masisitimu eLiDAR. Chinodiwa mune ramangwana ndechekuti LiDAR ive diki zvakakwana kuti isanganiswe zvakanaka mumuviri wemotokari. Izvi zvinoreva kuderedza kana kutobvisa zvikamu zvinotenderera zvemakanika, shanduko inoenderana nekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kweindasitiri kubva pazvivakwa zve laser zviripo kuenda kune mhinduro dzeLiDAR dzakasimba. LiDAR yakasimba, isina zvikamu zvinofamba, inopa mhinduro yakamanikana, yakavimbika, uye inogara kwenguva refu inokodzera zvakanaka mukati mezvinodiwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye zvinoshanda zvemotokari dzemazuva ano.
2. Mhinduro dzeLiDAR dzakaiswa mukati
Sezvo matekinoroji ekutyaira ega afambira mberi mumakore achangopfuura, vamwe vagadziri veLiDAR vakatanga kushanda pamwe chete nevatengesi vezvikamu zvemotokari kugadzira mhinduro dzinobatanidza LiDAR muzvikamu zvemotokari, zvakaita semwenje. Kubatanidzwa uku hakungoshandi chete kuvanza masisitimu eLiDAR, kuchengetedza runako rwemotokari, asiwo kunoshandisa nzvimbo yacho kuti ivandudze nzvimbo yekuona nekushanda kweLiDAR. Kune mota dzinotakura vanhu, mamwe mabasa eAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) anoda kuti LiDAR itarisire pamakona chaiwo pane kupa maonero e360°. Zvisinei, kune mwero wepamusoro wekuzvitonga, senge Level 4, kufunga nezvekuchengetedza kunoda nzvimbo yekuona ye360°. Izvi zvinotarisirwa kutungamira kumagadzirirwo enzvimbo dzakawanda anovimbisa kufukidzwa kwakazara kwemotokari.
3.Kuderedza Mutengo
Sezvo tekinoroji yeLiDAR ichikura uye huwandu hwekugadzirwa kwayo huri kudzikira, mitengo iri kudzikira, zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike kuisa masisitimu aya mumhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari, kusanganisira mamodheru epakati nepakati. Kuchinja uku kwehunyanzvi hweLiDAR kunotarisirwa kukurumidzisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvekuchengetedza uye zvekutyaira zvinozvitonga pamusika wemotokari.
MaLIDAR ari pamusika nhasi akawanda acho ari 905nm uye 1550nm/1535nm maLIDAR, asi kana tichitarisa mutengo, 905nm ndiyo ine mukana.
· 905nm LiDAR: Kazhinji, masisitimu e905nm LiDAR anodhura zvishoma nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwakapararira kwezvikamu uye maitiro ekugadzira akakura ane chekuita nehukuru hwewavelength iyi. Iyi mukana wemutengo unoita kuti 905nm LiDAR inakidze kune mashandisirwo ayo uko kuchengetedzeka kwemaziso uye kuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo yemagetsi hakuna kunyanya kukosha.
· 1550/1535nm LiDAR: Zvikamu zve1550/1535nm systems, zvakaita sema lasers nema detectors, zvinowanzo kudhura zvakanyanya, chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti tekinoroji iyi haina kupararira zvakanyanya uye zvikamu zvacho zvakaoma. Zvisinei, mabhenefiti panyaya yekuchengetedzeka uye kushanda zvakanaka anogona kururamisa mutengo wakakwira wemamwe maapplication, kunyanya mukutyaira uri wega uko kuonekwa nekuchengetedzeka kuri kukuru.
[Chibatanidzo:Verenga Zvakawanda nezvekuenzanisa pakati pe905nm ne1550nm/1535nm LiDAR]
4. Kuchengetedzwa Kwakawedzerwa uye ADAS Yakavandudzwa
Tekinoroji yeLiDAR inovandudza zvikuru mashandiro eAdvanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), ichipa mota kugona kwakanyatsojeka kwemepu yezvakatipoteredza. Kunyatsorongeka uku kunovandudza zvinhu zvekuchengetedza zvakaita sekudzivirira kurovera, kuona vafambi, uye kugadzirisa cruise control, zvichisundira indasitiri iyi pedyo nekuwana kutyaira kwakazvimirira.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Mumotokari, masensa eLIDAR anoburitsa ma pulse echiedza anosvetuka kubva pazvinhu odzokera ku sensa. Nguva inotora kuti ma pulse adzoke inoshandiswa kuverenga daro kubva kuzvinhu. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira kugadzira mepu yakadzama ye3D yenzvimbo yemotokari.
Sisitimu yeLIDAR yemotokari inowanzo shandiswa ine laser yekuburitsa ma pulse echiedza, scanner ne optics yekutungamira ma pulse, photodetector yekutora chiedza chinoratidzwa, uye unit yekugadzirisa data uye kugadzira mufananidzo we3D wezvakatipoteredza.
Ehe, LIDAR inogona kuona zvinhu zvinofamba. Nekuyera shanduko yenzvimbo yezvinhu nekufamba kwenguva, LIDAR inogona kuverenga kumhanya kwadzo uye gwara radzo.
LIDAR yakabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwekuchengetedza mota kuti ivandudze zvinhu zvakaita se adaptive cruise control, kudzivirira kurovera, uye kuona vafambi nekupa zviyero zvedaro zvakarurama uye zvakavimbika uye kuona chinhu.
Kufambira mberi kuri kuitika mu tekinoroji yeLIDAR yemotokari kunosanganisira kuderedza saizi nemutengo wemasisitimu eLIDAR, kuwedzera huwandu hwawo uye kugona kwawo, uye kuabatanidza zviri nyore mukugadzirwa uye mashandiro emota.
[link:]Zvikamu Zvikuru zveLIDAR Laser]
Laser ye pulsed fiber ye 1.5μm imhando ye laser inoshandiswa mu LIDAR systems dzemotokari iyo inoburitsa chiedza pahurefu hwe 1.5 micrometers (μm). Inogadzira ma pulses mapfupi e infrared light anoshandiswa kuyera daro nekusvetuka kubva pazvinhu uye kudzokera ku LIDAR sensor.
Marefu e1.5μm anoshandiswa nekuti anopa chiyero chakanaka pakati pekuchengetedzeka kwemaziso uye kupinda kwemhepo mumhepo. Malaser ari muhuwandu hwemarefu aya haawanzo kukonzera kukuvadza maziso evanhu kupfuura ayo anoburitsa marefu mapfupi uye anogona kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana.
Kunyange zvazvo ma-laser e1.5μm achiita zviri nani pane chiedza chinoonekwa mumhute nemvura, kugona kwawo kupinda muzvipingamupinyi zvemhepo kuchiri kushoma. Kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze asina kunaka kunowanzova nani pane ma-laser mapfupi e-wavelength asi haashande zvakanaka semasarudzo e-wavelength refu.
Kunyange hazvo ma 1.5μm pulsed fiber lasers angatanga awedzera mutengo wema LIDAR systems nekuda kwetekinoroji yawo yepamusoro, kufambira mberi mukugadzira uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo kunotarisirwa kuderedza mitengo nekufamba kwenguva. Mabhenefiti avo maererano nekushanda uye kuchengetedzeka anoonekwa seanotsigira mari yavanoisa. Kushanda kwepamusoro uye maficha ekuchengetedza akawedzerwa anopiwa nema 1.5μm pulsed fiber lasers anoita kuti ave mari inobatsira kuma LIDAR systems emotokari..